QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGIDA ISHLATILADIGAN KUCH TRANSFORMATORLARI EKSPLUATATSIYASINING AFZALLIKLARI VA KAMCHILIKLARINI QASHQADARYO VILOYATI G‘UZOR TUMANI MISOLIDA KO‘RISH
This article examines the operation of power transformers used in agriculture and water management, classified as electrical machines with a capacity of 25, 40, 63, 100, 160, 250, 400, and 630 kVA. It is based on the results of a survey in the Guzar district of the Kashkadarya region. Based on the survey results, the technical performance of the power transformer was examined, and ongoing repair, preventive maintenance, and capital work were considered
power transformer, operation, switchgear, maintenance, current repair, major repairs.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ КАРБАМИДО-ФОРМАЛЬДЕГИДНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И ОЦЕНКА ИХ АГРОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ В ВЕГЕТАЦИОННЫХ ОПЫТАХ
Представлены результаты исследований по получению пролонгированных карбамидоформальдегидных удобрений (КФУ). В вегетационных опытах показано, что при использовании КФУ выход зеленой массы рапса значительно выше (относительно карбамида), при этом 1 доза азота, внесенного с КФУ, равносильно внесению 1,5 доз азота карбамида
карбамид, формальдегид, удобрения, аммиачная селитра, скоростью растворения, метилендикарбамид, монометилолкарбамид, влагопоглощение, прочность гранул.
MAKTABGACHA TA’LIM MUASSASALARI UCHUN ONLINE MONITORING VA BOSHQARUV PLATFORMASINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalari faoliyatini samarali tashkil etish, nazorat qilish va boshqarish jarayonlarini raqamlashtirishga qaratilgan onlayn monitoring va boshqaruv tizimini yaratish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot davomida mavjud muammolar tahlil qilinib, zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalaridan foydalangan holda yagona platforma ishlab chiqishning afzalliklari yoritiladi. Taklif etilayotgan tizim orqali tarbiyachilar, ota-onalar va boshqaruv organlari o‘rtasida tezkor axborot almashinuvi, ta’lim jarayonini real vaqt rejimida kuzatish hamda ma’lumotlarni tahlil qilish imkoniyati yaratiladi. Natijada ta’lim sifati va boshqaruv samaradorligini oshirishga erishiladi.
Maktabgacha ta’lim, onlayn monitoring, boshqaruv tizimi, axborot tizimi, raqamli platforma, ta’lim jarayonini nazorat qilish, elektron boshqaruv, ma’lumotlar bazasi, real vaqt tizimi, avtomatlashtirish, ta’lim sifati, innovatsion texnologiyalar, foydalanuvchi interfeysi, axborot almashinuvi, pedagogik jarayon.
INSON KUNDALIK HAYOTIDA ENERGIYA TAQSIMOTI
Sog‘lom ovqatlanish inson salomatligining asosiy omillaridan biri hisoblanadi. Har bir oziq-ovqat mahsulotining tarkibidagi energiya miqdori – ya’ni kaloriyaviy quvvati, inson tanasiga zarur bo’lgan energiya manbaidir. Bu energiya harakat qilish, nafas olish, yurak-qon tomir tizimi faoliyati va muhitga moslashish kabi fiziologik jarayonlarni amalga oshirish uchun sarflanadi. Ushbu maqolada oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarining energetik quvvati (kaloriyalik qiymati) tushunchasi, uni aniqlash usullari hamda inson organizmi hayotiy faoliyatidagi ahamiyati ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan yoritiladi. Makronutrientlar — oqsillar, yog’lar va uglevodlarning energetik hissasi tahlil qilinib, turli oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarining kaloriyalik qiymati solishtiriladi. Shuningdek, rasional ovqatlanishni shakllantirishda energetik balansning roli ko’rib chiqiladi.
energetik quvvat, kaloriya, oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari, oqsil, yog’, uglevod, rasional ovqatlanish.
MAKTAB PEDAGOGLAR UCHUN JSON TEXNOLOGIYASI ASOSIDA ELEKTRON HUJJATLAR BAZASINI YARATISH
Maqolada maktab pedagoglariga tegishli hujjatlarni – buyruqlar, sertifikatlar, attestatsiya natijalari va o'quv-metodik ishlarni – raqamli shaklda saqlash, qidirish va boshqarishga mo'ljallangan elektron hujjatlar bazasi tizimini JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) texnologiyasi asosida yaratish masalalari ko'rib chiqilgan. An'anaviy qog'oz asosidagi hujjat yuritish tizimining kamchiliklari tahlil etilgan, HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript ES6+ va Bootstrap 5 texnologiyalari qo'llanilgan holda qo'shimcha server infratuzilmasini talab etmaydigan dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqilgan. Sinov natijalari tizim maktab ma'muriyatining ish samaradorligini 60–70 foizga oshirish va yillik 15,5 million so'mdan ortiq tejash imkonini berishini ko'rsatgan.
elektron hujjat, ma'lumotlar bazasi, JSON, pedagog, maktab, vebilova, SPA, localStorage, CRUD, avtomatlashtirish
REAL VAQT REJIMIDA VIDEOTASVIRLARNI FILTRLASH ALGORITMLARINING KOMPYUTER KO‘RISH TIZIMLARIDAGI AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada real vaqt rejimida videotasvirlarni filtrlash algoritmlarining kompyuter ko‘rish tizimlaridagi ahamiyati tadqiq etiladi. Tajriba obyekti sifatida Hikvision IP kamera Model: TL7534101K orqali olingan videokadrlar tanlandi. Videokuzatuv tizimlarida obyektni aniqlash harakatni kuzatish va xavfsizlik monitoringi natijasi nafaqat kameraning apparat imkoniyatiga balki kiruvchi tasvir signalining dastlabki qayta ishlanishiga ham bog‘liq. Tungi yoki past yoritilgan sharoitda olingan kadrlar shovqin kontrast yetishmasligi xiralashish va fon bilan obyekt o‘rtasidagi farqning kamayishi bilan tavsiflanadi. Bunday holatda median Gauss bilateral filtr CLAHE va gamma-korreksiya kabi usullar kompyuter ko‘rish modellariga uzatiladigan axborotni sifat jihatdan yaxshilaydi. Maqolada real vaqt cheklovlari kadrni qayta ishlash vaqti FPS ko‘rsatkichi kechikish va aniqlik o‘rtasidagi muvozanat ilmiy-amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilindi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki real vaqtli tizimlarda filtr tanlashda faqat tasvir sifati emas balki hisoblash murakkabligi ham muhim mezon hisoblanadi.
real vaqt videotasvir raqamli filtr kompyuter ko‘rish IP-kamera Hikvision median filtr Gauss filtri bilateral filtr CLAHE FPS kechikish obyektni aniqlash.
INTEGRATION OF SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS INTO THE ARCHITECTURE OF CIVIL BUILDINGS (BIPV — BUILDINGINTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS): PROSPECTS OF USING SOLAR PANELS NOT ONLY AS ENERGY SOURCES BUT AS FACADE AND ROOFING MATERIALS IN THE DESIGN OF “SMART”
The accelerating transition toward Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) demands a paradigm shift in which the building envelope is reconceptualized as an active energy-generating surface rather than a passive thermal barrier. This article addresses the architectural-engineering integration of photovoltaic generators into the facades and roofs of civil buildings (Building-Integrated Photovoltaics, BIPV), with particular emphasis on the hot-arid climatic conditions of Bukhara, Uzbekistan, where annual global horizontal irradiance exceeds 1750 kWh/m². Combining comparative thermal analysis (U-value calculation), normative climate-data evaluation, and a techno-economic feasibility model, the study quantifies the dual function of BIPV envelopes as both load-bearing cladding and decentralized electricity sources. Results indicate that semi-transparent crystalline-silicon BIPV facades can offset 38–54 % of a typical office building’s annual electrical demand while simultaneously reducing thermal transmittance by 27–34 % compared to conventional double-glazed curtain walls. The author’s contribution lies in formulating an integration methodology adapted to the regulatory and climatic context of Uzbekistan, including specific tiltand- orientation correction coefficients for the Kyzylkum desert margin.
Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV); Zero Energy Building (ZEB); thermal transmittance (U-value); insolation; semi-transparent photovoltaics; building envelope; passive design; photovoltaic conversion efficiency; smart facade; energy-efficient architecture.
ТЕПЛОПОСТУПЛЕНИЯ В ПОМЕЩЕНИЕ ОТ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ РАДИАЦИИ
В работе рассматриваются теплопоступления в помещение от солнечной радиации как один из ключевых факторов, влияющих на тепловой баланс зданий. Проанализированы основные пути проникновения солнечной энергии через ограждающие конструкции, включая окна, стены и кровлю. Особое внимание уделено влиянию ориентации здания, характеристик остекления и использования солнцезащитных устройств на величину теплопоступлений. Приведены методы расчёта солнечных тепловых нагрузок и их учет при проектировании систем отопления, вентиляции и кондиционирования воздуха. Рассмотрены способы снижения избыточных теплопоступлений и повышения энергоэффективности зданий.
солнечная радиация, теплопоступления, тепловой баланс, ограждающие конструкции, остекление, инсоляция, солнцезащита, энергоэффективность, микроклимат помещения, тепловая нагрузка
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTELLIGENT OPTICAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR FRUIT QUALITY CONTROL
This paper presents the theoretical development of an intelligent optical system for fruit sorting based on surface quality characteristics. The proposed system integrates machine vision technologies, rotational scanning, laser sensors, and artificial intelligence algorithms. RGB analysis and neural networks are applied for defect detection and classification of fruits according to quality categories. The simplified system design reduces energy consumption, improves operational stability, and enables efficient real-time sorting. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed system is promising for implementation in modern automated agricultural processing enterprises.
intelligent optical system, fruit sorting, machine vision, artificial intelligence, neural networks, RGB analysis, defect detection, automation, energy efficiency, conveyor system.
ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ТРАНСПОРТ ХИЗМАТЛАРИ СИФАТИНИ ОШИРИШ ЙЎЛЛАРИ: ИНФРАТУЗИЛМА ВА ЛОГИСТИКА ЁНДАШУВИ
The article analyzes the main factors influencing the quality of transport services and highlights the theoretical and practical aspects of developing transport and logistics infrastructure. In addition, based on the assessment of technical and operational factors, a system of indicators affecting service quality has been developed, and an integrated approach has been proposed.
transport, logistics, infrastructure, service quality, technical and
ИҚТИСОДИЙ ҲУДУДНИНГ ТРАНСПОРТ САЛОҲИЯТИНИ БАҲОЛАШНИНГ ИЛМИЙ-УСЛУБИЙ ЁНДАШУВЛАРИ
Иқтисодий ҳудуднинг транспорт-логистика салоҳияти унинг ижтимоий-иқтисодий ривожланиш даражаси ва рақобатбардошлигини белгилайди. Мазкур тадқиқотнинг мақсади ҳудуд транспорт салоҳиятининг транспорт хизматлари ҳажми ва сифатига таъсирини баҳолашдан иборат. Тадқиқотда Хоразм вилояти мисолида транспорт салоҳиятига таъсир этувчи омиллар таҳлил қилиниб, корреляция ва регрессия усуллари асосида баҳолаш амалга оширилди. Натижада транспорт хизматлари ҳажмига энг катта таъсир кўрсатувчи омил сифатида транспорт корхоналари сони аниқланди ҳамда транспорт салоҳиятини баҳолашнинг интеграл тенгламаси таклиф этилди
транспорт салоҳияти, логистика, корреляция таҳлили, транспорт хизматлари, инфратузилма
ЛИНЕЙНЫЙ ИНТЕГРАЛ И ЦИРКУЛЯЦИЯ ВЕКТОРНОГО ПОЛЯ
В данной работе рассматриваются линейный интеграл и циркуляция векторного поля как важные понятия математического анализа и теории поля. Изучаются основные определения, свойства и методы вычисления линейных интегралов по кривой. Особое внимание уделяется физическому и геометрическому смыслу циркуляции векторного поля, а также условиям независимости интеграла от пути интегрирования. Приводятся примеры применения линейных интегралов в механике, физике и инженерных задачах. Работа направлена на формирование понимания связи между векторными полями, криволинейными интегралами и их практическим использованием
линейный интеграл, циркуляция векторного поля, радиуса-вектора ,ориентированной кривой, криволинейный интеграл первого и второго рода, скалярное произведение, замкнутой линии, кусочно-гладкая
TRACKER VIDEO ANALYSIS DASTURI YORDAMIDA MAKSVELL MAYATNIGINING SO‘NISH KOEFFITSIYENTINI EKSPERIMENTAL ANIQLASH
Mazkur maqolada Maksvell mayatnigining harakat jarayonida yuzaga keluvchi qarshilik kuchlari va ularning harakat dinamikasiga ta’siri tadqiq qilindi. Tajribalarni amalga oshirishda Tracker Video Analysis dasturidan foydalanilib, mayatnik harakatining videoanalizi bajarildi hamda koordinata, tezlik va tezlanishning vaqtga bog‘liqlik grafigi olindi. Olingan eksperimental ma’lumotlar asosida tizimdagi energiya yo‘qotilishi va amplitudaning so‘nishi tahlil qilinib, qarshilik koeffitsiyenti hisoblab chiqildi. Tadqiqot natijalari videoanaliz texnologiyalarining mexanika bo‘limidagi laboratoriya mashg‘ulotlari samaradorligini oshirishdagi ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi. Shuningdek, ushbu metod an’anaviy o‘lchash vositalariga nisbatan yuqori aniqlik va qulaylikka ega ekanligi bilan tavsiflanadi.
Maksvell mayatnigi, qarshilik koeffitsiyenti, videoanaliz, Tracker dasturi, mexanik harakat, amplituda so‘nishi, energiya yo‘qotilishi, laboratoriya tajribasi.
FREELANCER.UZ WEB PLATFORMASINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi sharoitida milliy freelance platformasi — freelancer.uz veb-tizimini ishlab chiqishning nazariy asoslari, arxitekturaviy yondashuvlari va dasturiy yechimlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi raqamli iqtisodiyot rivojlanishi, masofaviy mehnat bozorining kengayishi hamda mahalliy mutaxassislar uchun ishonchli va moslashtirilgan platformaga ehtiyoj bilan belgilanadi. Maqolada Upwork, Fiverr va Freelancer.com kabi xalqaro platformalar tahlil qilinib, funksional va funksional bo‘lmagan talablar aniqlangan hamda “mijoz– ijrochi–tizim” modeli taklif etilgan. Texnik jihatdan tizim Node.js va PostgreSQL asosidagi backend hamda React.js asosidagi frontenddan iborat uch qatlamli arxitektura sifatida ishlab chiqilgan. Click, Payme va Uzcard to‘lov tizimlari bilan integratsiya qilingan escrow mexanizmi qo‘llanilgan. Natijada reyting, kelishuv va nizolarni hal etish modullari ishlab chiqilib, platformaning ishonchliligi oshirilgan.
freelance platforma, raqamli iqtisodiyot, masofaviy mehnat, escrow, React.js, Node.js, to‘lov tizimlari.
O‘ZBEKISTON TURIZM SALOHIYATINI RAQAMLI MUHITDA RIVOJLANTIRISH: “VISIT UZBEKISTAN” WEB PLATFORMASI
As a result of rapid globalization and the accelerated development of the digital economy, the tourism sector is also undergoing fundamental transformations. Today, tourism is considered not only as a means of recreation and travel, but also as one of the strategic sectors of a country’s economy. The widespread use of Internet technologies, mobile applications, and digital platforms has elevated the tourism service system to a new level. Nowadays, users perform all stages of the travel process online, from planning trips to selecting and booking services. The Republic of Uzbekistan possesses enormous potential for tourism development due to its rich historical and cultural heritage, unique architectural monuments, national traditions, and natural resources. Cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, and Tashkent are recognized not only in Central Asia but also worldwide as major tourist destinations. At the same time, further development and digitalization of the tourism industry, as well as bringing it to the level of international standards, have been identified as one of the priority directions of state policy in the country.
VR headsets, 360 degree images, frontend, backend, API, Django REST Framework (Python), ReactJS, Axios, JWT (JSON Web Token), PostgreSQL, RBAC (Role-Based Access Control).
ZAMONAVIY MAKTAB TA’LIMIDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT: INFORMATIKA O‘QITUVCHISINING "RAQAMLI YORDAMCHISI" SIFATIDA
This article explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the school educational process, specifically its potential as a methodological assistant for informatics teachers. The paper highlights methods for automating lesson planning using AI tools, analyzing code in programming instruction, and modern approaches to assessing student knowledge. The research results demonstrate that AI technologies serve to reduce teacher workload and enhance the quality of education through a personalized approach
Artificial Intelligence, informatics, lesson plan, ChatGPT, algorithmization, digital education, teaching methodology.
АВТОМАТИК НУТҚНИ ТАНИШ ТИЗИМЛАРИДА ЗАМОНАВИЙ END-TO-END АРХИТЕКТУРАЛАР
Ушбу мақолада автоматик нутқни таниш тизимларининг эволюцияси, анъанавий гибрид моделлардан замонавий end-to-end архитектураларга ўтиш жараёни таҳлил қилинган. Attention механизми, Transformer ва Conformer архитектураларининг принциплари, уларнинг акустик моделлаштиришдаги афзалликлари ва камчиликлари кўриб чиқилган. Нутқ технологияларининг таълим, тиббиёт, транспорт ва биометрия соҳаларидаги қўлланилиши ҳамда Conformer модели асосида ўтказилган экспериментал тадқиқотлар натижалари тақдим этилган.
end-to-end, Transformer, Conformer, Attention, CTC, нутқни таниш, нейрон тармоқлари, акустик моделлаштириш
ANALYZING AUDIO FEATURES TO DISTINGUISH HUMAN VOICE FROM AI
Telling a real human voice apart from AI-generated speech is becoming incredibly important for things like security, forensics, and everyday tech. In this study, a more detailed analysis was performed by studying three acoustic features: Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), and Spectral Centroid. The audio was preprocessed in Python using the librosa library, with the silent parts of the audio removed. The results were quite clear: the spectral centroid of real human speech is higher, and the variation of the MFCCs is much greater. Interestingly the ZCR values did not differ greatly between the two. In conclusion, the results presented here demonstrate that simple audio parameters can be effectively used for automatic detection of synthetic voices
speech synthesis, acoustic features, MFCC, zero crossing rate, spectral centroid, librosa, human-computer interaction, voice forensics
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ПОДГОТОВКА БУДУЩИХ ИНЖЕНЕРОВ СРЕДСТВАМИ CAD И 3D- ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИИ
Статья посвящена разработке и научному обоснованию инновационной дидактической модели развития профессионально-графической подготовки будущих инженеров в процессе изучения дисциплины «Инженерная графика». Актуальность темы определяется трансформацией требований к инженерным кадрам, ростом значимости технологической грамотности и необходимостью перехода от репродуктивного усвоения графических правил к деятельностному овладению цифровым геометро-графическим моделированием. В работе предлагается интегративный подход, объединяющий CAD-средства, 3D- визуализацию, элементы геймификации, модульную цифровую платформу и поэтапный алгоритм перехода от 2D-чертежа к 3D-параметрической модели. Методологическая база включает теоретический анализ, моделирование, проектирование, прототипирование, апробацию, экспертную оценку, анкетирование и статистические методы обработки данных. Научная значимость исследования состоит в разработке геометрически мотивированной и дидактически структурированной модели, ориентированной на формирование пространственного мышления, графического анализа, навыков параметрического моделирования и CAD-компетентности. Практическая значимость выражается в возможности внедрения авторского решения в технических вузах как в очном, так и в смешанном формате обучения.
инженерная графика, компьютерная графика, CAD, 3D-моделирование, профессионально-графическая подготовка, геймификация, смешанное обучение.
TIR as a Complementary Governance Mechanism in Seaport–Dry Port Multimodal Corridors under the Maritime Silk Road
This paper conceptualises the Transports Internationaux Routiers (TIR) system as a complementary governance mechanism in seaport–dry port multimodal corridors under the Maritime Silk Road. The paper argues that TIR can alleviate selected coordination failures at customs, institutional, digital and resilience interfaces. The research constructs a corridor-level analytical framework and qualitatively anchors the analysis in China–Central Asia corridor developments. The paper makes three contributions. To begin with, it outlines the boundary conditions in which TIR can be beneficial to seaport-dry port systems. Second, it clarifies the reason why TIR is to be conceptualized as an interface-governance tool that is complementary to maritime and rail scale economies. Third, it elucidates managerial implications for the planners of the corridors, port authorities, dry ports, customs administrations and platform operators who aim to achieve scale, reliability and flexibility in the new Eurasian corridors.
TIR; Seaport–Dry Port Corridor; Maritime Silk Road; Multimodal Transport; Complementary Governance; Dry Port.
HEMIS BIG DATA MA'LUMOTLARI ASOSIDA O'ZBEKISTONDA TA'LIM YO'NALISHLARI BO'YICHA KADRLAR TAYYORLASH TENDENSIYASI: TA'LIM SHAKLLARINING TARKIBIY DEKOMPOZITSIYASI VA SIMPSON PARADOKSI (2023–2026)
This article analyzes workforce training trends in Uzbekistan during 2023–2026 based on HEMIS Big Data (nearly 2 million records) across educational InnoRes Journal – Vol.2 No.5 (2026) www.innores.uz 217 fields, education forms (full-time, part-time, evening, distance), STEM/Non-STEM composition, bachelor's/master's levels, regions, and gender. Simpson's paradox (aggregation paradox) was identified: pedagogy (–26%), engineering (–26%), and IT (–11%) appear to decline overall, but show growth in full-time education by +45%, +10%, and +11% respectively. The decline is solely due to systemic restriction of part-time education (–84%). Demographic-pedagogical disproportion analysis projects an annual teacher shortage of 16,000. Findings are substantiated within Hanushek and Woessmann's human capital quality theory, Lewis's structural change model, and Simpson's statistical paradox.
Big Data, HEMIS, Simpson's paradox, education forms, full-time education, part-time education, STEM, workforce training, teacher shortage, demographic forecast, gender segregation, human capital.
HEMIS BIG DATA MA'LUMOTLARI ASOSIDA O'ZBEKISTONDA YOSHLARNING OLIY TA'LIMGA QABUL TENDENSIYASI: HUDUDLAR KESIMIDA GENDER TAHLILI (2023–2026)
Mazkur maqolada O'zbekiston Respublikasida 2023–2026 o'quv yillarida 30 yoshgacha bo'lgan yoshlarning davlat, nodavlat va xorijiy oliy ta'lim muassasalarining 1-kursiga qabul qilinishi mulkchilik shakli, hududlar va gender tarkibi kesimida chuqur statistik tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot HEMIS axborot tizimidagi 2 millionga yaqin yozuvni o'z ichiga olgan Big Data ma'lumotlar asosida Python dasturlash tili yordamida amalga oshirilgan. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatdiki, jami qabul 320 249 nafardan 443 272 nafargacha (38,4%) o'sgan, nodavlat OTMlarga qabul 98,8% ga keskin o'sgan, davlat OTMlar ulushi 63,1% dan 49,7% ga tushgan — ikki qutbli model shakllanmoqda. Gender tarkibi bo'yicha ayollar ulushi 50,1% dan 52,5% ga ko'tarilib, GPI 1,002 dan 1,105 ga yetgan. Hududiy tahlil Farg'ona vodiysida eng yuqori o'sish (+78%), Qashqadaryo va Surxondaryoda esa ayollar ulushining pastligi aniqlangan. M.Trow ning universallashtirish nazariyasi, G.Becker ning inson kapitali konsepsiyasi va A.Sen ning imkoniyatlar yondashuvi doirasida natijalar ilmiy asoslab berilgan.
Big Data, HEMIS, oliy ta'lim, qabul tendensiyasi, gender tahlil, Gender Parity Index, hududiy tahlil, davlat OTM, nodavlat OTM, inson kapitali, institutsional transformatsiya, Python.
PEDAGOGIKA OLIY TA’LIM MUASSASALARIDA MUHANDISLIK GRAFIKASI VA CHIZMA GEOMETRIYANI O‘QITISHDA CADTEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISH
The article is devoted to the consideration of modern CAD technologies in teaching drawing geometry and engineering graphics in higher education. The importance of AutoCAD, SolidWorks and Comp-3D programs for graphic production, construction of projections and three-dimensional models is analyzed. The role of digital technology in developing students' spatial thinking and improving the quality of graphics is emphasized. Problems in the implementation of CAD systems in the educational process and ways to overcome them are described
engineering graphics, drawing geometry, CAD technologies, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, 3D modeling, drawing, graphic training, pedagogical education.
GAZLARNI QURITISHDA QO‘LLANILUVCHI SUYUQ SORBENTLARNING TURLARI VA ULARNING
В данной статье проанализированы основные виды жидких сорбентов, применяемых для осушки природного газа, а также их физико- химические свойства. Исследованы эффективность этиленгликоля, диэтиленгликоля и триэтиленгликоля в процессах осушки газа, их термическая устойчивость, регенерационные свойства и влияние на температуру точки росы. В результате исследований определено влияние температуры в абсорбере и концентрации гликолей на эффективность процесса осушки. Кроме того, обоснованы технологические преимущества применения вакуума и отпарного газа при регенерации гликолей. Полученные результаты показывают, что технологии на основе триэтиленгликоля являются одними из наиболее эффективных в установках подготовки природного газа.
природный газ, осушка газа, абсорбция, этиленгликоль, диэтиленгликоль, триэтиленгликоль, точка росы, регенерация, сорбент, гидрат, вакуум, коррозия.
NEFT HOSHIYALI UYUMLARNI ISHLASHNI GEOLOGIK-FIZIK SHAROITLARINI TADQIQOT QILISH ORQALI LOYIHALASHTIRISH
This article evaluates an accelerated oil rim production system during non-equilibrium gas withdrawal from a gas cap, based on a generalization of the development experience of oil rim reservoirs in Western Uzbekistan. As a result of the study, a proposed design involving potential natural barriers to prevent the formation of gas and water coning is presented. In this research, due to the large oil-bearing area and the small thickness of the oil rim, the project documentation provides for the co-production of oil and gas from a single well
field, gas-underlying, oil reservoirs, formation, oil rim, porosity, sand content, well pattern, reservoir energy, saturation, pressure.
KENGAYTIRILGAN VERMIKULIT BILAN MODIFIKATSIYALANGAN AKRIL-STIROL POLIMER QOPLAMALARDA ISSIQLIK O‘TKAZUVCHANLIK VA TERMIK QARSHILIKNING EKSPERIMENTAL TADQIQI
This article analyzes the thermal conductivity and thermal resistance coefficients of heat-resistant polymer composite coatings of the VAMJ-1, VPSJ-2, and VASJ-4 grades, obtained on the basis of an acrylic-styrene copolymer, using experimental results. The study elucidates the mechanisms of structural restriction of heat flow and energy transfer in multicomponent coating systems containing expanded vermiculite, liquid glass, aluminum hydroxide, Portland cement, and glass fiber. The results obtained using the XND-2-3030C apparatus showed that, in most cases, an increase in the vermiculite content leads to a decrease in thermal conductivity, while thermal resistance increases. The lowest thermal conductivity was observed in the VAMJ-1 sample containing 40% vermiculite. The obtained results confirm the importance of structural synergy between the mineral filler and the polymer matrix in optimizing the composition of polymer coatings with thermal protective properties.
heat-resistant coating, acrylic-styrene copolymer, expanded vermiculite, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, polymer composite, thermal insulation, thermophysical properties.
BULUTLI HISОBLАSH TEXNОLОGIYАLАRI VА ULАRNING SАMАRАDОRLIGINI BАHОLАSH
In today's rapidly developing era, the use of cloud technologies in various fields in order to maximize the use of information technologies, save time, money and a number of other factors is becoming one of the pressing issues. This scientific article deeply analyzes and studies scientists working in the field of cloud computing systems, the main features of cloud computing, the main service models of cloud technologies - IaaS, PaaS and SaaS, and the main users of these models. The article aims to summarize theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of cloud computing, as well as to provide recommendations based on scientific research and practical applications.
Cloud computing, cloud computing models, main features of cloud computing, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, cloud architecture
UHMWPE ASOSIDAGI MATERIALLARNING MUSTAHKAMLIK VA TRIBOLOGIK PARAMETRLARINI MODIFIKATSIYALASH ORQALI OSHIRISH
This paper analyzes the possibilities of enhancing the strength and tribological parameters of UHMWPE through different modification methods: radiation and peroxide cross-linking, functional surface treatment of fillers, interpolymer blending with HDPE, and the introduction of antioxidants. Experimental data show that electron-beam irradiation at a dose of 75 kGy reduces the wear rate of UHMWPE by 39 % and increases surface hardness by 14 %; the addition of 1.0 wt.% silane-treated nano-SiO₂ increases tensile strength by 22 % and lowers the friction coefficient by 25 %.
UHMWPE; modification; radiation cross-linking; silane treatment; tribological properties; mechanical strength; HDPE blend; antioxidant; nanocomposite; surface functionalization
ULTRA YUQORI MOLEKULYAR OG‘IRLIKLI POLIETILEN ASOSLI KOMPOZITLARDA MEXANIK VA ISHQALANISH XUSUSIYATLARINI OPTIMALLASHTIRISH
This paper analyzes approaches to optimization of mechanical (tensile strength, hardness, impact toughness) and tribological (friction coefficient, wear rate) properties of UHMWPE-based composites. The concentration effect of three reinforcing fillers - nano-SiO₂, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene oxide (GO) - was studied at four loading levels (0.25–3.0 wt.%). Specimens were produced by hot pressing and tested under pin-on-disk conditions at loads of 5– 20 N and sliding speeds of 0.1–0.5 m/s. The results show that incorporation of 1.0 wt.% MWCNT reduces the wear rate by 47 %, decreases the friction coefficient by 28 %, and increases tensile strength by 18 %. The optimal filler content was found to lie in the range of 1.0–1.5 wt.%.
UHMWPE; nanofiller; tribological properties; friction coefficient; wear resistance; mechanical strength; carbon nanotubes; graphene oxide; nanocomposite; optimization.
РЕЖИМЫ ИСПЫТАНИЙ И ПАРАМЕТРЫ ДЕГРАДАЦИИ АККУМУЛЯТОРОВ
В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований режимов испытаний и параметров деградации аккумуляторных батарей, предназначенных для использования в автономных фотоэлектрических станциях. Основное внимание уделено влиянию глубины разряда (20–100%), скорости заряда/разряда (0.2С, 0.5С, 1С) и температуры окружающей среды (+10°C, +25°C, +40°C) на остаточную ёмкость, внутреннее сопротивление и стабильность напряжения. Экспериментально подтверждено, что глубокая разрядка (80–100%) и высокая температура (+40°C) приводят к ускоренной деградации: потеря ёмкости достигает 35% после 120 циклов, а рост внутреннего сопротивления – 30% после 200 циклов. Предложены эмпирические модели деградации, включающие линейные и квадратичные зависимости. Сформулированы практические рекомендации для эксплуатации аккумуляторных систем в климатических условиях Узбекистана, включая ограничение глубины разряда до 40–60%, контроль температуры и автоматическое отключение при критических значениях параметров.
Aккумуляторные батареи, деградация, глубина разряда, C-цикл, остаточная ёмкость, внутреннее сопротивление, автономные фотоэлектрические станции, температурные режимы, циклирование, моделирование износа.