BULUTLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR ASOSIDA YUKLARNI KUZATISH VA BOSHQARISH PLATFORMASINI LOYIHALASH
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of designing a cargo tracking and management platform based on cloud technologies. As part of the research, the limitations of existing systems in logistics companies were identified, and a cloud platform model was developed that allows for real-time monitoring and centralized data management. The platform automates the collection, transmission and processing of data received via GPS and IoT devices, providing effective control over vehicle movement and cargo status. The test results showed that the cloud solution increases the speed of data processing compared to traditional systems, improves monitoring accuracy and reduces costs. The research results are of practical importance in optimizing logistics processes, making quick and informed management decisions, and implementing digital transformation.
Cloud technologies, cargo tracking, logistics, management platform, real-time monitoring, IoT, GPS, transport, data security, scaling.
LOGISTIKA TIZIMLARIDA FURAGA YUK JOYLASHTIRISHNING DINAMIK DASTURLASH MODELI VA YUK TASHISHNI OPTIMALLASHTIRISH
This article studies the problem of optimizing cargo transportation in transport and logistics systems. The problem of loading cargo of different weights and volumes into trucks is formalized in the form of the knapsack problem, and optimal solutions are determined using dynamic programming methodology. The results obtained allow for the efficient use of resources in logistics processes, reducing transportation costs and reducing delivery times. The research is tested with real-world data and creates a scientific basis for future integration into automated loading systems and digital logistics platforms.
Optimization in logistics systems; Cargo transportation processes; Dynamic programming methodology; Truck loading model; Minimization of transportation costs
ONLAYN CHAKANA SAVDO DO’KONI UCHUN INVENTAR VA LOGISTIKA BOSHQARUVI
This article is dedicated to the topic "Development of a website for an online store" and is aimed at creating a modern e-commerce platform for selling various types of goods over the Internet. The article develops systematization of goods by categories, search and filtering options, payment systems (payment by card, cash, installments), cart and order management, and an admin panel interface. The site architecture is based on the MVC model, with frontend and backend parts separated. The main technologies used in the article: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript (React.js), Node.js, Express.js, MySQL database, JWT authentication system.
Online shopping, E-commerce, Inventory management, Logistics system, Warehouse management (WMS), Supply chain, Order management system (OMS), Real-time monitoring, Database, Automation, Delivery process, ERP systems, Software development, Web application, API integration, Supply and demand analysis, Inventory optimization, Digital transformation.
TAYANCH BOSIM ZONASIDAGI YUQORI KUCHLANISHNI KATTA DIAMETRLI SKVAJINALAR BILAN YENGILLASHTIRISH USULINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
This article addresses the problem of ensuring safe mining operations in gold-bearing ore deposits of the Angren mining administration under conditions of high stress and geodynamic instability of the rock mass. A technology based on the use of destressing boreholes is proposed and scientifically substantiated as an effective method for controlling geostatic and technogenic stresses. It has been established that the application of destressing boreholes leads to stress redistribution within the rock mass, reduction of accumulated elastic energy, and formation of relaxation zones. The results of numerical modeling and field-scale experiments demonstrate a significant decrease in maximum stress values and an increase in geodynamic stability. Furthermore, optimal parameters of boreholes (diameter, length, spacing) and their integration into the mining process are scientifically justified, enabling a reduction in rockburst hazards and an improvement in industrial safety. The obtained results are important for the active control of the stress-strain state of the rock mass and for ensuring safe and efficient mining operations.
Rock mass, stress-strain state, destressing boreholes, rockburst, elastic energy, relaxation zones, geodynamic stability, stress redistribution, numerical modeling, mining safety.
NEYRON TOʻRLARIDA SINAPTIK VAZNLARNI HISOBLASH
Ushbu maqolada sun’iy neyron to‘rlarining ishlash tamoyillari, ularning arxitekturaviy tuzilishi hamda sinaptik vaznlarni hisoblash va optimallashtirish jarayonlari chuqur tahlil qilingan. Neyron to‘rlarining biologik asoslari va ularning soddalashtirilgan modeli sifatida sun’iy tizimlarda qo‘llanilishi yoritilib, turli arxitekturalar — to‘g‘ri tarqalishli va rekurrent, statik va dinamik to‘rlarning o‘ziga xos jihatlari bayon etilgan. Maqolada neyronlarning o‘zaro bog‘lanish mexanizmlari, faollashtirish funksiyalarining ahamiyati hamda o‘rganish algoritmlarining (o‘qituvchili, o‘qituvchisiz va aralash) sinaptik vaznlarni shakllantirishdagi ro‘li asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, neyron to‘rlarning umumlashtirish qobiliyati, overfitting muammosi va uni bartaraf etish usullari ham ko‘rib chiqilgan.
sun’iy neyron to‘rlari, sinaptik vaznlar, o‘rganish algoritmlari, faollashtirish funksiyasi, ko‘p qatlamli neyron to‘r, to‘g‘ri tarqalishli to‘r, rekkurent neyron to‘r, statik va dinamik to‘rlar, tarmoq arxitekturasi, sun’iy intellekt.
OZIQ-OVQAT DO‘KONLARIDA SOTUV JARAYONLARINI AVTOMATLASHTIRISHNING SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH USULLARI
This article systematically studies methods for increasing the efficiency of sales processes in grocery stores. In the modern retail environment, many retail enterprises are striving to simplify operational processes through automated systems - POS (Point of Sale) systems, real-time inventory monitoring, automatic ordering and electronic payment integrations. The results of the study show that automation not only increases the speed of service and customer satisfaction, but also significantly improves inventory accuracy, sales growth and employee efficiency. The article provides important recommendations on ways to optimize sales processes through modern technologies, their impact on efficiency and practical implementation. This study will serve as an important resource for researchers, business managers and practitioners interested in digital transformation and process automation in the food retail sector.
Sales process automation, grocery stores, POS systems, digital commerce, inventory, retail efficiency, information systems, sales management, digital transformation.
Nasibjonov Muhammadali Dilshodbek o‘g‘li
TASHKILOTLARDA KOMPYUTER TARMOQLARINI TAHLIL QILISH VA OPTIMALLASHTIRISH
This article examines the issues of analysis and optimization of computer networks in organizations. The growth of network traffic and variability of workload require effective network management. The study highlights methods of network monitoring, traffic analysis, and optimal resource allocation. The results demonstrate that systematic analysis and optimization improve network stability, performance, and overall efficiency.In addition, the paper emphasizes the modernization of network infrastructure based on modern technologies, enhancement of security levels, and mechanisms for early fault detection. The possibilities of automating management processes through real-time monitoring of network device performance, data flow forecasting, and the application of artificial intelligence elements are analyzed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of cloud technologies and virtualization solutions in improving resource utilization and reducing operational costs is substantiated.
Computer networks, network monitoring, traffic analysis, network optimization, resource allocation, load balancing, bandwidth, quality of service (QoS), network security, virtualization.
ELEKTRON TIJORAT UCHUN KO‘P FOYDALANUVCHILI PLATFORMANI ISHLAB CHIQISH VA RAQAMLI INFRATUZILMA ASOSIDA JORIY ETISH
This article studies the issues of developing a multi-user platform for e-commerce and its implementation on the basis of modern digital infrastructure. The main goal of the study is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of creating an effective, scalable and secure e-commerce system. During the work, analytical, comparative and design methods were used, and the functional capabilities of existing e-commerce platforms were studied. As a result, a multi-user system architecture was developed, a platform model was proposed based on a modular structure, and ways of integrating payment systems and security mechanisms were shown. The results of the study show that it is important for improving the efficiency of e-commerce systems, creating convenience for users, and optimizing business processes.
e-commerce, multi-user platform, digital infrastructure, web applications, cloud technologies, database, information security, payment systems, platform architecture, user experience (UX), API integration, mobile adaptability
SUN’IY INTELLEKT ASOSIDA ISHLAB CHIQARISHDAGI BAXTSIZ HODISALARNI PROGNOZLASH VA OLDINI OLISH
Mazkur maqolada ishlab chiqarish jarayonlarida yuzaga keladigan baxtsiz hodisalarni oldindan prognozlash va ularning oldini olishda sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalaridan foydalanish masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda sanoat korxonalarida sodir bo‘ladigan xavfli vaziyatlar, ularning kelib chiqish sabablari hamda inson omilining ta’siri o‘rganilgan. Maqolada sun’iy intellekt asosidagi tizimlar yordamida real vaqt rejimida monitoring olib borish, potensial xavfli holatlarni aniqlash va ogohlantirish berish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, bunday yondashuv ishlab chiqarishdagi baxtsiz hodisalar sonini sezilarli darajada kamaytirish, mehnat muhofazasini samarali tashkil etish hamda ishchi-xodimlar salomatligini saqlashda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
Sun’iy intellekt, mehnat muhofazasi, ishlab chiqarish xavfsizligi, prognozlash, mashinaviy o‘rganish, xavf-xatar tahlili, Big Data, monitoring tizimlari.
SANOAT CHIQINDILARINI QAYTA ISHLASHDA ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALAR VA ULARNING EKOLOGIK AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada sanoat chiqindilarini qayta ishlashning zamonaviy texnologik usullari, jumladan, piroliz, plazmali gazifikatsiya va membranali tozalash tizimlarining mohiyati yoritilgan. Maqolada ushbu texnologiyalarni ishlab chiqarishga joriy etishning ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlashdagi o‘rni va tabiiy resurslarni tejashdagi iqtisodiy samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, chiqindisiz texnologiyalarga o‘tish orqali atrof-muhitga yetkaziladigan antropogen yuklamani kamaytirish istiqbollari bayon etilgan.
: sanoat chiqindilari, qayta ishlash, ekologik innovatsiyalar, piroliz, yashil iqtisodiyot, chiqindisiz texnologiya, utilizatsiya.
KUTUBXONA AQILLI BOSHQARUV TIZIMINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy kutubxonalar faoliyatini samarali tashkil etishda aqlli boshqaruv tizimlarining o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, raqamli texnologiyalar, sun’iy intellekt va avtomatlashtirilgan boshqaruv yechimlaridan foydalanish orqali kutubxona xizmatlarini optimallashtirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot davomida aqlli boshqaruv tizimining asosiy komponentlari, ularning funksional imkoniyatlari hamda foydalanuvchilarga ko‘rsatiladigan xizmat sifatini oshirishdagi roli yoritiladi. Shuningdek, kutubxona resurslarini boshqarish, kitob fondini monitoring qilish va foydalanuvchi ehtiyojlarini prognozlashda zamonaviy yondashuvlar tahlil etiladi. Maqola natijalari kutubxona tizimlarini raqamlashtirish jarayonlarini takomillashtirish va boshqaruv samaradorligini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.
aqlli tizim, kutubxona boshqaruvi, raqamli texnologiyalar, sun’iy intellekt, avtomatlashtirish, axborot tizimlari, resurslarni boshqarish.
THE IMPORTANCE OF WAREHOUSE ACCOUNTING IN SUPERMARKETS
This article examines the importance of warehouse accounting in supermarkets and its role in ensuring efficient retail operations. It highlights how proper warehouse management contributes to controlling the movement of goods, maintaining optimal stock levels, and reducing losses caused by spoilage, theft, or mismanagement. The study emphasizes the significance of organizing key processes such as receiving, storing, and distributing products in a systematic way. Furthermore, the article discusses the impact of modern technologies, including barcode systems, automated software, and ERP solutions, in improving the accuracy and speed of warehouse operations. Special attention is given to inventory management practices such as FIFO, which are essential for handling perishable goods and maintaining product quality. In addition, the role of human resources, staff training, and security systems in effective warehouse management is analyzed. The article also explores current trends such as smart warehouses and the use of data analytics for demand forecasting. In conclusion, warehouse accounting is presented as a strategic tool that enhances operational efficiency, supports decision-making, and increases the overall profitability and competitiveness of supermarkets.
Cybersecurity, Emerging Threats, Malware, Social Engineering, Network Security, Data Breach, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Ransomware, Digital Security.
TASVIRLARDAGI OB'YEKTLAR VA NAQISHLARNI TANIB OLISH UCHUN MASHINANI O'RGANISH ALGARITIMLARIDAN FOYDALANISH.
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada tasvirlardagi obyektlar va naqshlarni aniqlash hamda tasniflash masalalarini hal etishda mashinani o‘rganish algoritmlarining qo‘llanilishi tahlil qilinadi, bunda kompyuter ko‘rish tizimlarining asosiy komponentlari bo‘lgan konvolyutsion neyron tarmoqlar (CNN), transfer learning va chuqur o‘rganish (deep learning) yondashuvlari yordamida tasvirlardan avtomatik xususiyatlar ajratib olish va yuqori aniqlikdagi klassifikatsiya natijalariga erishish imkoniyatlari o‘rganiladi; tadqiqotda tasvirlarni oldindan qayta ishlash (preprocessing), feature extraction, modelni o‘qitish va baholash bosqichlari tizimli ravishda amalga oshirilib, sanoat avtomatizatsiyasi, tibbiy diagnostika, xavfsizlik va aqlli monitoring tizimlarida qo‘llanishi misollar asosida tahlil qilinadi hamda olingan natijalar chuqur o‘rganish modellarining an’anaviy yondashuvlarga nisbatan aniqlik va tezlik bo‘yicha ustunligini ko‘rsatadi, shu bilan birga modelning umumlashtirish qobiliyati va real vaqt rejimida ishlash samaradorligi ham muhim omil sifatida baholanib, katta hajmdagi ma’lumotlar, hisoblash resurslari va model interpretatsiyasi bilan bog‘liq mavjud muammolar ham muhokama qilinadi.
mashinani o‘rganish, kompyuter ko‘rish, chuqur o‘rganish, konvolyutsion neyron tarmoqlar, tasvirni qayta ishlash, obyektni aniqlash, naqshlarni tanib olish, feature extraction, transfer learning, sun’iy intellekt, klassifikatsiya, segmentatsiya, real vaqt tizimlari.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROPROCESSOR-BASED SYSTEM FOR OPERATIONAL INTERLOCKING AND PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN DIGITAL SUBSTATIONS
The rapid evolution of digital technologies has significantly transformed the electric power industry, leading to the emergence of advanced automation systems. One of the most important innovations in this field is the transition from conventional substations to digital substations, which rely on intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and microprocessor-based solutions. These systems provide enhanced monitoring, control, and protection capabilities. This paper presents the design and development of a modern microprocessor-based system for operational interlocking and protection of electrical equipment in digital substations. The proposed system is aimed at improving reliability, response speed, and safety under various operating conditions. Special attention is given to system architecture, data modeling based on electrical схемes, and compliance with international standards such as IEC 61850. The results demonstrate that the implementation of such systems significantly enhances automation efficiency and ensures stable operation of power facilities.
digital substation, microprocessor system, protection, interlocking, IEC 61850, automation.
OHANGARON HAVZASI YER-SUV BARQARORLIGI VA BIOXILMA-XILLIGI: KENG QAMROVLI ADABIYOTLAR SHARHI
This article is devoted to the analysis of the sustainability of land and water resources and biodiversity of the Akhangaran River basin (Tashkent region). Scientific works from various scientific and technical bases on hydrological and geographical characteristics, soil degradation, the efficiency of water resource use, and the diversity of the plant world in 2021-2025 are analyzed. The main goal of the research is to summarize the work carried out in this area, the threats to land and water resources, flora and fauna, monitoring work, and the results obtained from them, and to comprehensively cover the impact of climate change, human impact, and the impact of economic activity in the field of land and water. At the same time, there are problems such as water depletion in the Akhangaran basin, land degradation, and the reduction of some biological species, as well as the need for rational use of natural resources, implementation of sustainable development strategies, and strengthening environmental monitoring.
Akhangaran basin, land degradation, water stability, biodiversity, GIS analysis
МАГИСТРАЛ ГАЗ ҚУВУРЛАРИДА ТЕХНОЛОГИК РЕЖИМ ПАРАМЕТРЛАРИНИ КОМПЛЕКС ФИЗИК-ТЕХНИК ТАҲЛИЛИ ВА АВАРИЯ ОЛДИ ДИАГНОСТИКАСИ
: The process of transporting natural gas through main gas pipelines is carried out under the influence of high pressure, long distances and complex physical and technical conditions. In such systems, the stability of the technological regime directly depends on the accurate and reliable measurement of gas pressure, temperature and flow rate, and the relationship between these parameters is determined by the laws of gas dynamics and hydraulic processes. In practice, most often, accidents in gas pipelines are closely related to disproportionate changes in technological parameters or errors in measurement systems. This article provides a deep scientific analysis of the physical and technical nature of the technological regime in main gas pipelines, the relationship between gas pressure, temperature and flow rate, as well as the main sources of measurement errors that arise during transportation. The equations of state of real gases, the dependence of gas density on pressure and temperature, hydraulic losses and changes in parameters under turbulent flow conditions are theoretically substantiated. At the same time, the possibilities of diagnosing changes in measurement parameters before accidents through correlation analysis were also considered.
main gas pipeline, technological mode, gas pressure, temperature, flow rate, gas dynamics, hydraulic processes, measurement errors, accident diagnostics.
TA’LIM PLATFORMALARI LOG-MA’LUMOTLARI ASOSIDA TALABALARNING O‘ZLASHTIRISH XAVFINI ERTA ANIQLASH UCHUN TUSHUNTIRILADIGAN MASHINAVIY O‘QITISH MODELINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
: Mazkur maqolada ta’lim platformalarida shakllanadigan log-ma’lumotlar asosida talabalarning o‘zlashtirish xavfini erta aniqlashga xizmat qiluvchi tushuntiriladigan mashinaviy o‘qitish modeli taklif etiladi. Tadqiqotning muammoli maydoni raqamli ta’lim muhitida to‘planayotgan katta hajmdagi xatti-harakat ma’lumotlarini pedagogik qaror qabul qilishga mos, izohlanadigan va amaliy jihatdan qo‘llanadigan ko‘rinishga keltirish zaruratidan kelib chiqadi. Taklif etilayotgan yechimda log-ma’lumotlar sessiya, hafta va kurs kesimida agregatsiyalanadi; ulardan faollik intensivligi, davomiylik, topshiriq bajarish ritmi, kechikish, barqarorlik va o‘zaro ta’sir xilma-xilligi kabi belgilarning hosil qilinishi nazarda tutiladi. Bashoratlash qatlami uchun logistic regression, random forest va XGBoost kabi modellar benchmark va asosiy model sifatida qaraladi, interpretatsiya uchun esa SHAP asosidagi global hamda lokal izohlar qo‘llanadi. Tahlil natijasida samarali erta ogohlantirish tizimi uchun faqat aniqlik emas, balki recall, kalibrovka, vaqt bo‘yicha barqarorlik va noto‘g‘ri bashoratlarni alohida izohlash talab etilishi asoslandi. Shuningdek, modeldan foydalanishda minimal, ammo mazmunli feature to‘plami, time-sliced validatsiya va misprediction tahlili ustuvor dizayn talablari sifatida ajratildi.
learning analytics, log-ma’lumotlar, o‘zlashtirish xavfi, erta ogohlantirish tizimi, mashinaviy o‘qitish, XAI, SHAP, student success prediction
MARKAZIY VINTSIMON VALGA EGA VINTLI KONVEYERDA ENERGIYA SARFINING AYLANISH TEZLIGIGA BOG‘LIQLIGINING NAZARIY TAHLILI
Ushbu maqolada markaziy vintsimon valga ega vintli konveyerning ish jarayonida energiya sarfining aylanish tezligiga bog‘liqligi nazariy jihatdan tadqiq etilgan. Tadqiqot to‘liq analitik modellashtirishga asoslangan bo‘lib, quritilmagan paxtaning fizik-mexanik xususiyatlari, konveyer konstruktiv parametrlari hamda mexanik qarshilik kuchlari hisobga olingan. Burovchi momentning aylanish tezligiga nochiziqli bog‘liqligi asosida konveyerning quvvat sarfi aniqlanib, energiya samaradorligining optimal ish rejimi mavjudligi nazariy asoslandi. Olingan natijalar vintli konveyer yuritmalarini loyihalashda va elektr dvigatel quvvatini tanlashda qo‘llanishi mumkin.
vintli konveyer, energiya sarfi, aylanish tezligi, burovchi moment, nazariy model.
ELEKTROMOBIL SALONIDA BATAREYA BLOKI JOYLASHUVINING ICHKI HAJM VA ERGONOMIK KO‘RSATKICHLARGA TA’SIRI: KONSTRUKTIV TAHLIL
Elektromobil (EV) konstruktsiyasida batareya bloklarining joylashuvi salon ichki hajmi va ergonomik ko‘rsatkichlarga bevosita ta’sir etadi. Ushbu tadqiqot beshta batareya joylashuv platformasining (ICE bazali, ICE-dan konvertatsiya, skateboard past/o‘rta va cell-to-body) sal saloniga ta’sirini SAE J826, ISO 11228 va ISO 8726 mezonlari asosida konstruktiv-tahliliy usulda o‘rganadi. Tahlil uchun CAD modellash (SolidWorks 2024) va parametrik hisoblash usullari qo‘llanildi; beshta zamonaviy EV (Tesla Model 3, BYD Atto 3, Hyundai IONIQ 6, VW ID.3, Nissan Leaf) ma’lumotlari bilan taqqoslash o‘tkazildi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, ICE-dan konvertatsiya qilingan EV larda pol balandligi 45 mm oshib, bosh bo‘shlig‘i 30 mm va tizza bo‘shlig‘i 25 mm kamayadi — bu SAE J826 talablariga muvofiqlikni 91% dan 74% ga tushiradi. Skateboard (past pack, ≤100 mm) platformasi esa pol balandligini ICE bilan teng ushlab, SAE muvofiqligini 88% da saqlaydi. Cell-to-body (CTP) platformasi eng yuqori salon hajmini (+3%) va SAE muvofiqligini (94%) ta’minlaydi, lekin ishlab chiqarish xarajati 48% yuqori. O‘zbekistonda EV ishlab chiqarish boshlayotgan kontekstda skateboard (past pack) platformasi optimal yechim sifatida tavsiya etiladi.
elektromobil, batareya bloki joylashuvi, salon ergonomikasi, skateboard platforma, ichki hajm, SAE J826, cell-to-body, pol balandligi.
AVTOMOBIL SALONINI ISSIQ IQLIM SHAROITIDA EKSPLUATATSIYA QILISHDA SALON MATERIALLARINING ISSIQLIK-FIZIOLOGIK KO‘RSATKICHLARGA TA’SIRI
Markaziy Osiyo iqlimi, xususan O‘zbekistondagi yoz faslida tashqi havo harorati 45–55°C ga yetishi avtomobil saloni materiallarining issiqlik xususiyatlariga alohida talablar qo‘yadi. Ushbu tadqiqot oltita turdagi salon materialining (tabiiy charm, PVC charm, trikotaj to‘qima, Alcantara, 3D-mesh va PCM-qoplama) issiqlik o‘tkazuvchanlik, yuzaki harorat va haydovchining fiziologik holati ko‘rsatkichlariga ta’sirini eksperimental-tahliliy usulda o‘rganadi. Tadqiqot Andijon viloyatida 2024-yil iyun–avgust oylarida 30 ta ishtirokchi bilan o‘tkazildi; tashqi harorat 45–55°C oralig‘ida bo‘lgan sharoitda yuzaki harorat, teri harorati, ter ajralishi, yurak urish tezligi va diqqat konsentratsiyasi o‘lchandi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, PVC charm yuzaki harorati 45°C sharoitda 54°C ga yetadi va diqqat konsentratsiyasini 312 ms gacha pasaytiradi. 3D-mesh to‘qima yuzaki haroratini 40°C da ushlab, haydovchi reaksiya vaqtini 261 ms ga, PCM qoplama esa 248 ms ga kamaytirdi. Tadqiqot natijalari asosida O‘zbekiston iqlimiga moslashtirilgan salon materiali tanlash bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqildi.
avtomobil saloni materiallari, issiq iqlim, issiqlik qulayligi, fiziologik ko‘rsatkichlar, 3D-mesh, PCM-qoplama, termal komfort, haydovchi xavfsizligi.
UZ AUTO MOTORS AVTOMOBILLARI SALONINING XORIJIY ANALOGLAR BILAN ERGONOMIK TAQQOSLASH TAHLILI: ISO/SAE MEZONLARI ASOSIDA
O‘zbekiston avtomobil bozorida keng tarqalgan Uz Auto Motors modellarining (Cobalt, Nexia 3) ergonomik ko‘rsatkichlari xorijiy raqobatchilar bilan tizimli taqqoslanmagan. Ushbu tadqiqot ISO va SAE standartlari asosida beshta avtomobil modelining (Cobalt, Nexia 3, Hyundai Accent, Toyota Yaris, VW Polo) salonini o‘n ergonomik parametr bo‘yicha o‘lchab, 30 nafar ishtirokchi bilan so‘rovnoma orqali baholaydi. O‘zbekiston aholisining antropometrik xususiyatlari (5-P, 50-P, 95-P) ham hisobga olingan. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, Cobalt va Nexia 3 umumiy ergonomik ball jihatdan (5.63 va 5.82/10) raqiblardan (Hyundai Accent 7.37, VW Polo 7.85) 26–35% past. Eng kritik kamchiliklar: orqa o‘rindiq tizza bo‘shlig‘i SAE normidan 38 mm kam (182 vs ≥220 mm), o‘rindiq sozlash diapazoni 128 mm (≥140 mm bo‘lishi kerak), lumbar tayanch mavjud emas. O‘zbek populyatsiyasi uchun son uzunligi SAE standartidan 18 mm ortiq ekanligi aniqlandi — bu pedal masofasiga ta’sir qiladi. Maqola uch darajali yaxshilash tavsiyalarini taqdim etib, modellar yangilanganda $51–87/avtomobil xarajat bilan ergonomik sifatni sezilarli oshirish mumkinligini ko‘rsatadi.
avtomobil saloni ergonomikasi, Uz Auto Motors, SAE J826, ISO 11228, antropometrik tahlil, haydovchi o‘rni, o‘rindiq sozlash, qulaylik baholash.
AVTOMOBIL QISMLARINI PAYVANDLASHDA QO‘LLANILADIGAN 3-ERKINLIK DARAJALI ROBOT-MANIPULYATORLAR UCHUN NEYRON TARMOQQA ASOSLANGAN TESKARI KINEMATIKA YECHIMI
. Ushbu tadqiqot avtomobil kuzov qismlarini payvandlashda 3-erkinlik darajali (3-DOF) tekislik robot-manipulyatorlarining qo‘llanilish imkoniyatlarini o‘rganib, real vaqt rejimida neyron tarmoqqa asoslangan teskari kinematika yechimini taqdim etadi. Tadqiqot maqsadi — an’anaviy analitik va raqamli usullarning cheklovlarini bartaraf etib, real vaqtda (≤10 ms) yuqori aniqlikda (±0.5 mm) traektoriya kuzatishni ta’minlovchi sun’iy neyron tarmoq arxitekturasini ishlab chiqish. To‘rt qatlamli to‘liq bog‘langan neyron tarmoq (128-64-32-3 neyron) 50 000 ta simulyatsiya va 5 000 ta real payvandlash jarayonidan olingan ma’lumotlar asosida Adam optimizatori va ReLU aktivatsiya funksiyasi yordamida 200 epoch davomida o‘qitildi. Eksperimental natijalar taklif etilgan yondashuv teskari kinematika masalasini o‘rtacha 6.8 ms da yechishini (an’anaviy: 45–60 ms), pozitsiya xatoligini ±0.38 mm, traektoriya kuzatish aniqligini 98.7% ta’minlashini ko‘rsatdi. Uz Auto Motors korxonasida o‘tkazilgan bir oylik pilot sinovlar payvandlash sifati 94% dan 98.2% ga oshganini, ishlab chiqarish unumdorligi 23% yaxshilanganini hamda xatoliklar soni 67% ga kamayganini tasdiqladi. Tadqiqot natijalari 3-DOF robot-manipulyatorlarning avtomobil sanoatida samarali qo‘llanilishi mumkinligini va neyron tarmoq yondashuvining an’anaviy usullardan ustunligini isbotlaydi.
: 3-DOF robot-manipulyator, teskari kinematika, sun’iy neyron tarmoqlar, avtomobil payvandlash, real vaqt boshqaruvi, traektoriya kuzatish, sanoat avtomatlashtirish, chuqur o‘qitish
PIYODALAR XAVFSIZLIGI UCHUN AVTOMOBIL OLD BAMPER DIZAYNI: BIOMEXANIK VA ESTETIK INTEGRATSIYA
Pedestrian injuries in traffic accidents represent a global public health challenge. Automotive front bumper design plays a critical role in pedestrian safety. This research employs FEA, virtual crash testing, and topology optimization. A pedestrian biomechanical model was tested per Euro NCAP at 40 km/h, comparing five bumper geometries. Split-level geometry reduced head injury risk by 34% (HIC: 850→560) and thorax injury by 28% (VC: 1.2→0.86 m/s). Topology optimization reduced mass by 18% and improved aerodynamics by 5%. A three-tier implementation strategy was developed for Uzbekistan automotive manufacturers.
pedestrian safety, automotive bumper design, biomechanics, crash test simulation, finite element analysis, topology optimization, aesthetic design, Euro NCAP.
AVTOMOBIL AERODINAMIKASINING TARIXIY RIVOJLANISHI VA KELAJAK TENDENSIYALARI
Automotive aerodynamics is a critical technical domain directly affecting fuel efficiency, stability, noise, and overall vehicle performance. This article analyzes the historical development of automotive aerodynamics from the 1920s to the present and examines future trends. The research was based on empirical data from 85 key vehicle models and CFD simulations in ANSYS Fluent 2023. Over the past 100 years, the average drag coefficient (Cd) improved from 0.75 to 0.28 — a 63% reduction. CFD simulations demonstrated that adding a diffuser reduces Cd by 6% while generating negative lift (Cl = –0.09). Future trends include active aerodynamic elements, AI-based generative design, and EV-specific optimized designs (Cd ≤ 0.20). Practical recommendations are provided for Uzbekistan’s automotive industry.
automotive aerodynamics, drag coefficient, CFD simulation, streamlining, active aerodynamics, fuel efficiency, electric vehicles, historical development.
TOK BILAN BOSHQARILADIGAN VA GISTEREZISLI TOK ROSTLAGICHLI INVERTORLI CHASTOTA O‘ZGARTIRGICH
Mazkur maqolada chastota o‘zgartirgichli elektr yuritmalarda tokni boshqarishning samarali usullari, xususan, gisterezisli tok rostlagichli invertorlarning ishlash prinsiplari tadqiq etilgan. Tadqiqotda gisterezisli boshqarishning tizim dinamikasiga ta’siri, uning an’anaviy kenglik-impuls modulyatsiyasidan (KIM) afzalliklari va o‘ziga xos kamchiliklari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, tok xatoligini berilgan gisterezis diapazonida ushlab turish orqali yuqori aniqlikdagi tezkor boshqaruvga erishish imkoniyatlari ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Maqola yakunida gisterezisli rostlagichlarning energiya samaradorligi va elektromagnit moslashuvchanlik ko‘rsatkichlarini yaxshilash bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.
chastota o‘zgartirgich, invertor, gisterezisli tok rostlagichi, elektr yuritmalar, dinamik xarakteristika, garmonik buzilishlar, kommutatsiya chastotasi.
QO‘SHIMCHALARI BILAN BOYITILGAN FUNKTSIONAL KOLBASA ISHLAB CHIQARISH
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston sharoitida yod va selen bilan boyitilgan qaynatib-dudlangan kolbasa ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasi tahlil qilinadi. Mahalliy mol va tovuq go‘shti, shuningdek o‘simlik komponentlari (bug‘doy va no‘xat) asosida yuqori sifatli, funktsional va organoleptik jihatdan an’anaviy ta’mga yaqin mahsulotlar tayyorlash imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ishlab chiqarish jarayoni xomashyoning mikroelementlar bilan boyitilishi, ekstrudirlash, gidratlash va farmga kiritish bosqichlarini o‘z ichiga oladi. Patentlar va adabiyotlar tahlili O‘zbekistonda yod va selen bilan boyitilgan kolbasa mahsulotlari yetarli darajada rivojlanmaganini ko‘rsatadi. Tadqiqot natijalari asosida optimal o‘simlik komponentlarini kiritish darajasi aniqlanib, tayyor mahsulotning organoleptik va oziqlik xususiyatlarini saqlagan holda ishlab chiqarish imkoniyatlari tavsiya etiladi. Ushbu yondashuv mahalliy xomashyo resurslaridan samarali foydalanish, iqtisodiy samaradorlikni oshirish va aholining yod-selen yetishmovchiligi xavfini kamaytirishga xizmat qiladi.
qaynatib-dudlangan kolbasa, yod, selen, o‘simlik komponentlari, bug‘doy, no‘xat, funktsional oziq-ovqat, organoleptik xususiyatlar, mahalliy xomashyo, O‘zbekiston sharoiti
АРРАЛИ ЖИН САМАРАДОРЛИГИГА ИШЧИ КАМЕРА ЗЕВИНИНГ ТАЪСИРИ
This study investigates the influence of the size of the cotton intake opening in the working chamber of local saw gins of the types 4DP-130, 5DP-130, and DPZ-180 on the amount of cotton supplied from the feeder. Despite the enlargement of the cross-sectional area of the chamber, it was found that the gin could not operate at high productivity. One of the main reasons for this limitation is the structural imperfection of the upper inlet part of the working chamber apron. To ensure continuous feeding of cotton during high-performance gin operation, laboratory experiments were conducted based on theoretical studies with the upper part of the apron positioned at angles of 40°, 50°, and 60° relative to the horizontal axis.
saw gin, working chamber, inlet opening, apron, saw cylinder, raw cotton, fiber, seed, productivity, quality indicators
This article investigates effective methods of current control in electric drives with frequency converters, particularly the operating principles of inverters with hysteresis current regulators. The study analyzes the influence of hysteresis control on system dynamics, its advantages over conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM), and its specific drawbacks. In addition, the possibility of achieving fast and high-precision control by maintaining the current error within a specified hysteresis band is demonstrated. The article concludes with recommendations for improving the energy efficiency and electromagnetic compatibility of hysteresis regulators.
frequency converter, inverter, hysteresis current controller, electric drives, dynamic characteristics, harmonic distortions, switching frequency.
AHOLI YASHASH JOYLARIDA SUV TA’MINOTI VA OQOVA SUV TIZIMLARINI MODERNIZATSIYA QILISHNING USTUVOR YO'NALISHLARI
This article analyzes the priority areas of modernization of drinking water supply and wastewater systems in residential areas in Uzbekistan on a scientific basis. The results of the study show that modernization of systems is not only a technical upgrade, but also helps to reduce water losses, improve service quality, and protect the environment by ensuring digital monitoring, energy efficiency, and environmental safety.
water supply, wastewater system, modernization, digital monitoring, SCADA system, energy efficiency, environmental safety, infrastructure renewal.
O‘ZBEKISTON OZIQ-OVQAT SANOATIDA HACCP TALABLARI ASOSIDA SERTIFIKATLASH TIZIMINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH YO‘LLARI
This scientific article provides an in-depth analysis of the food product certification system in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its application in integration with HACCP principles. The importance of certification schemes in ensuring food safety, protecting consumer health, and producing competitive products for domestic and international markets is substantiated. The article scientifically explains the content, functions, and mechanisms of applying national regulatory documents, international standards (ISO, HACCP), and existing certification schemes. This work has scientific and practical significance and is aimed at improving modern certification mechanisms in the food industry, ensuring product safety, and increasing the competitiveness of Uzbek products in the global market.
HACCP system, certification schemes, product safety, production condition analysis, laboratory testing, inspection control, quality management, food industry, Uzbekistan standards, declaration of conformity, risk management, type testing, quality stability, export requirements.