ГИБРИДНАЯ СИСТЕМА СОЛНЕЧНОГО ТЕПЛОСНАБЖЕНИЯ С ФАЗОПЕРЕХОДНЫМ ТЕПЛОВЫМ АККУМУЛЯТОРОМ ДЛЯ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ ГОРОДА САМАРКАНДА

Abstract

This article presents a feasibility study and engineering justification for the use
of a hybrid heating system combining vacuum tube solar collectors, a phase-change
thermal storage (PCS), and a backup gas boiler, applicable to the climatic conditions
of Samarkand. Based on ten-year averaged solar radiation data, the region's solar
energy potential is assessed and the optimal collector receiving surface inclination (β
= 55°) is substantiated. This angle allows for a 75–80% increase in winter output
compared to a horizontal surface. Engineering calculations were performed for the
solar field and storage tank for a typical 1,000 m² administrative and educational
building with a design heating load of 65 kW and a hot water demand of 14.5 kW. It
has been demonstrated that the use of P56 paraffin heat-storage compound reduces
the required storage tank volume from 3.5 to 1.35 m³, or approximately 2.6 times,
compared to a water storage tank of equivalent heat capacity. The estimated share of
the facility's annual heat load replaced by the solar system was 42.9%, corresponding
to savings of approximately 8,370 m³ of natural gas per year and a payback period of
4.5–5.2 years for the hybrid unit (collectors and PCM tank) with a standard service
life of at least 20 years. The obtained results confirm the technical feasibility and
economic feasibility of implementing hybrid solar thermal systems in the Samarkand
heating system and can be used in the design of similar facilities in regions with
similar climatic conditions.