INTEGRATION OF SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS INTO THE ARCHITECTURE OF CIVIL BUILDINGS (BIPV — BUILDINGINTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS): PROSPECTS OF USING SOLAR PANELS NOT ONLY AS ENERGY SOURCES BUT AS FACADE AND ROOFING MATERIALS IN THE DESIGN OF “SMART”

Abstract

The accelerating transition toward Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB)
demands a paradigm shift in which the building envelope is reconceptualized as an
active energy-generating surface rather than a passive thermal barrier. This article
addresses the architectural-engineering integration of photovoltaic generators into the
facades and roofs of civil buildings (Building-Integrated Photovoltaics, BIPV), with
particular emphasis on the hot-arid climatic conditions of Bukhara, Uzbekistan, where
annual global horizontal irradiance exceeds 1750 kWh/m². Combining comparative
thermal analysis (U-value calculation), normative climate-data evaluation, and a
techno-economic feasibility model, the study quantifies the dual function of BIPV
envelopes as both load-bearing cladding and decentralized electricity sources. Results
indicate that semi-transparent crystalline-silicon BIPV facades can offset 38–54 % of
a typical office building’s annual electrical demand while simultaneously reducing
thermal transmittance by 27–34 % compared to conventional double-glazed curtain
walls. The author’s contribution lies in formulating an integration methodology
adapted to the regulatory and climatic context of Uzbekistan, including specific tiltand-
orientation correction coefficients for the Kyzylkum desert margin.